Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic, usually less than 5 mm in size. Although they are tiny, their effect on the environment and human health is huge. They come from everyday products — bottles, packaging, textiles, and even cosmetics — and break down into particles that can travel through air, water, and soil.

There are two main types of microplastics:

• Primary microplastics – small plastic particles that are made intentionally, like microbeads in face scrubs or fibers from synthetic clothes.

• Secondary microplastics – pieces that form when larger plastic items break apart over time.

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     Because of their size, microplastics can spread everywhere and enter our food and water systems.

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     Microplastics can carry other harmful substances such as heavy metals and chemical additives. These can build up in the environment and, over time, in living organisms — including humans. While research is still ongoing, many experts agree we should take action now to limit exposure and prevent further contamination.

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Detecting and measuring microplastics is not simple. They vary in size, shape, and material, making it difficult to get consistent results.

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To reduce the microplastic problem, two steps are essential:

1. Prevention – reduce plastic waste, recycle more efficiently, and design products that shed fewer plastic particles.

2. Detection – use accurate, validated testing methods and reference materials to understand contamination levels and guide regulations.